| Creando un CD/DVD de rescate de un GNU/Linux Server-Desktop |
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| Manuales |
| Escrito por Domingo Varela |
| Martes, 06 de Mayo de 2008 14:50 |
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Hoy en dia, existen diferentes maneras de hacer respaldo o full backups de diferentes tipos de datos. Tambien se respaldan los S.O ya sea en Cintas como se hace en AIX con un mksyb, y en linux no pasa desapercibido el hacer este tipo de respaldos. Existe una utileria para hacer este tipo de respaldos de S.O muy similar al Ghost de Norton, y se trata de Mondo, una herramienta para hacer discos de rescate para Linux (i386, x86_64, ia64) y FreeBSD (i386) para las diferentes distribuciones tales como RedHat, RHEL, SuSE, SLES, Mandriva, Debian y Gentoo. Las herramientas a usar son mindi y mondo. Aqui anexo la secuencia del uso de estas herramientas. web:~# apt-get install mindi mondo Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: afio buffer cdrecord courier-authdaemon courier-authlib courier-authlib-userdb courier-base courier-mta dosfstools dvd+rw-tools fam fuse-utils gawk genisoimage libfam0 libfribidi0 libfuse2 libntfs9 libparted1.7-1 lzop mdadm mindi-busybox mkisofs ms-sys ntfsprogs parted syslinux wodim Suggested packages: courier-doc cdrskin cdrkit-doc libparted1.7-dev libparted1.7-i18n petris acl attr lilo mondo-doc parted-doc Recommended packages: mail-transport-agent The following NEW packages will be installed: afio buffer cdrecord courier-authdaemon courier-authlib courier-authlib-userdb courier-base courier-mta dosfstools dvd+rw-tools fam fuse-utils gawk genisoimage libfam0 libfribidi0 libfuse2 libntfs9 libparted1.7-1 lzop mdadm mindi mindi-busybox mkisofs mondo ms-sys ntfsprogs parted syslinux wodim 0 upgraded, 30 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 6715kB of archives. After this operation, 18.2MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y Get:1 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main gawk 1:3.1.5.dfsg-4 [718kB] Get:2 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main afio 2.5-4 [82.0kB] Get:3 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main buffer 1.19-8 [14.8kB] Get:4 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main wodim 9:1.1.2-1 [439kB] Get:5 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main cdrecord 9:1.1.2-1 [1168B] Get:6 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main courier-authlib 0.58-4 [81.4kB] Get:7 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main courier-authdaemon 0.58-4 [6564B] Get:8 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main courier-authlib-userdb 0.58-4 [34.0kB] Get:9 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main libfam0 2.7.0-12 [27.7kB] Get:10 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main courier-base 0.53.3-5 [229kB] Get:11 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main dosfstools 2.11-2.1 [53.9kB] Get:12 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main genisoimage 9:1.1.2-1 [592kB] Get:13 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main mkisofs 9:1.1.2-1 [884B] Get:14 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main dvd+rw-tools 7.0-4 [145kB] Get:15 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main fam 2.7.0-12 [73.8kB] Get:16 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main fuse-utils 2.5.3-4.4 [57.6kB] Get:17 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main libfribidi0 0.10.7-4 [43.5kB] Get:18 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main libfuse2 2.5.3-4.4 [53.5kB] Get:19 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main libntfs9 1.13.1-6+b2 [125kB] Get:20 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main libparted1.7-1 1.7.1-5.1 [186kB] Get:21 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main lzop 1.01-4 [43.3kB] Get:22 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main mdadm 2.5.6-9 [228kB] Get:23 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main mindi-busybox 1.2.1-2 [784kB] Get:24 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main syslinux 1:3.31-4 [330kB] Get:25 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main parted 1.7.1-5.1 [57.5kB] Get:26 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main ms-sys 2.1.0-1 [22.3kB] Get:27 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main mindi 2.20-2 [156kB] Get:28 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main mondo 2.20-1.1 [432kB] Get:29 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main ntfsprogs 1.13.1-6+b2 [273kB] Get:30 http://mirrors.kernel.org etch/main courier-mta 0.53.3-5 [1425kB] Fetched 6715kB in 49s (134kB/s) Preconfiguring packages ... Selecting previously deselected package gawk. (Reading database ... 42087 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking gawk (from .../gawk_1%3a3.1.5.dfsg-4_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package afio. Unpacking afio (from .../archives/afio_2.5-4_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package buffer. Unpacking buffer (from .../buffer_1.19-8_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package wodim. Unpacking wodim (from .../wodim_9%3a1.1.2-1_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package cdrecord. Unpacking cdrecord (from .../cdrecord_9%3a1.1.2-1_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package courier-authlib. Unpacking courier-authlib (from .../courier-authlib_0.58-4_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package courier-authdaemon. Unpacking courier-authdaemon (from .../courier-authdaemon_0.58-4_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package courier-authlib-userdb. Unpacking courier-authlib-userdb (from .../courier-authlib-userdb_0.58-4_amd64.d eb) ... Selecting previously deselected package libfam0. Unpacking libfam0 (from .../libfam0_2.7.0-12_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package courier-base. Unpacking courier-base (from .../courier-base_0.53.3-5_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package dosfstools. Unpacking dosfstools (from .../dosfstools_2.11-2.1_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package genisoimage. Unpacking genisoimage (from .../genisoimage_9%3a1.1.2-1_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package mkisofs. Unpacking mkisofs (from .../mkisofs_9%3a1.1.2-1_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package dvd+rw-tools. Unpacking dvd+rw-tools (from .../dvd+rw-tools_7.0-4_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package fam. Unpacking fam (from .../fam_2.7.0-12_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package fuse-utils. Unpacking fuse-utils (from .../fuse-utils_2.5.3-4.4_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package libfribidi0. Unpacking libfribidi0 (from .../libfribidi0_0.10.7-4_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package libfuse2. Unpacking libfuse2 (from .../libfuse2_2.5.3-4.4_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package libntfs9. Unpacking libntfs9 (from .../libntfs9_1.13.1-6+b2_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package libparted1.7-1. Unpacking libparted1.7-1 (from .../libparted1.7-1_1.7.1-5.1_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package lzop. Unpacking lzop (from .../archives/lzop_1.01-4_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package mdadm. Unpacking mdadm (from .../mdadm_2.5.6-9_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package mindi-busybox. Unpacking mindi-busybox (from .../mindi-busybox_1.2.1-2_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package syslinux. Unpacking syslinux (from .../syslinux_1%3a3.31-4_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package parted. Unpacking parted (from .../parted_1.7.1-5.1_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package ms-sys. Unpacking ms-sys (from .../ms-sys_2.1.0-1_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package mindi. Unpacking mindi (from .../mindi_2.20-2_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package mondo. Unpacking mondo (from .../mondo_2.20-1.1_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package ntfsprogs. Unpacking ntfsprogs (from .../ntfsprogs_1.13.1-6+b2_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package courier-mta. Unpacking courier-mta (from .../courier-mta_0.53.3-5_amd64.deb) ... Setting up gawk (3.1.5.dfsg-4) ... Setting up afio (2.5-4) ... Setting up buffer (1.19-8) ... Setting up wodim (1.1.2-1) ... Setting up cdrecord (1.1.2-1) ... Setting up courier-authlib (0.58-4) ... Setting up courier-authdaemon (0.58-4) ... Starting Courier authentication services: authdaemond. Setting up courier-authlib-userdb (0.58-4) ... Setting up libfam0 (2.7.0-12) ... Setting up courier-base (0.53.3-5) ... Setting up dosfstools (2.11-2.1) ... Setting up genisoimage (1.1.2-1) ... Setting up mkisofs (1.1.2-1) ... Setting up dvd+rw-tools (7.0-4) ... Setting up fam (2.7.0-12) ... Starting file alteration monitor: FAM. Setting up fuse-utils (2.5.3-4.4) ... creating fuse device node... udev active, devices will be created in /dev/.static/dev/ creating fuse group... Adding group `fuse' (GID 106) ... Done. Setting up libfribidi0 (0.10.7-4) ... Setting up libfuse2 (2.5.3-4.4) ... Setting up libntfs9 (1.13.1-6+b2) ... Setting up libparted1.7-1 (1.7.1-5.1) ... Setting up lzop (1.01-4) ... Setting up mdadm (2.5.6-9) ... Generating mdadm.conf... done. update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-2.6.18-6-amd64 W: mdadm: /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf defines no arrays. W: mdadm: no arrays defined in configuration file. W: mdadm: falling back to emergency procedure in initramfs. update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-2.6.18-4-amd64 W: mdadm: /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf defines no arrays. W: mdadm: no arrays defined in configuration file. W: mdadm: falling back to emergency procedure in initramfs. Starting MD monitoring service: mdadm --monitor. Assembling MD arrays...failed (no arrays found in config file or automatically). Setting up mindi-busybox (1.2.1-2) ... Setting up syslinux (3.31-4) ... Setting up parted (1.7.1-5.1) ... Setting up ms-sys (2.1.0-1) ... Setting up mindi (2.20-2) ... Setting up mondo (2.20-1.1) ... Setting up ntfsprogs (1.13.1-6+b2) ... Setting up courier-mta (0.53.3-5) ... Starting Courier mail server: done. Starting Courier mail filter: done. Starting Courier SMTP server: done. Una vez instalado las herramientas, basta con ejecutar el programa mindi tal como se ilustra a continuacion web:~# mindi /usr/sbin/mindi: line 16: /bin/arch: No such file or directory Mindi Linux mini-distro generator v2.2.0-r881 Latest Mindi is available from http://www.mondorescue.org BusyBox sources are available from http://www.busybox.net ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Do you want to use your own kernel to build the boot disk (y/n) ?y Would you like to use LILO (instead of syslinux) for your boot CD/floppies (y/n) ?n Analyzing dependency requirements 92% -Where a re your LVM-Tools? Couldn't find lvmiopversion Done. Making complete dependency list Done. Analyzing your keyboard's configuration. Adding the following keyboard mapping tables: Done. Assembling dependency files.............................. Done. The files have been subdivided into 6 directories. Your mountlist will look like this:- DEVICE MOUNTPOINT FORMAT SIZE (MB) LABEL /dev/hda5 lvm lvm 285977 Unable to open proc /dev/mapper/ceuxweb-raiz / xfs lvm /dev/hda1 /boot reiserfs 188 /dev/mapper/ceuxweb-home /home xfs lvm /dev/mapper/ceuxweb-tmp /tmp xfs lvm /dev/mapper/ceuxweb-usr /usr xfs lvm /dev/mapper/ceuxweb-usrlocal /usr/local xfs lvm /dev/mapper/ceuxweb-var /var xfs lvm /dev/mapper/ceuxweb-swap swap swap lvm Tarring and zipping the groups..................... Done. Creating data disk #1...#2...#3...#4...#5...#6... Done. Making 1722KB boot disk.....................Call GetFilesystemToUse() with parameter /boot/vmlinuz-2 .6.18-6-amd64 to get filesystem to use for initrd. GetFilesystemToUse(): called with parameter: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-6-amd64. GetFilesystemToUse(): gzip magic found at lvOffset 38888. GetFilesystemToUse(): Filesytem to use for initrd is initramfs. Creating initramfs initrd filesystem. UseCpio (): Creating a gzip'ed cpio (AKA initramfs) initrd image... 5423 blocks done. CreateSyslinuxFile(): Writing to file /usr/lib/mindi/isolinux.cfg. CreateSyslinuxFile(): Writing to file /usr/lib/mindi/isolinux-H.cfg. CreateSyslinuxFile(): Writing to file /usr/lib/mindi/syslinux.cfg. CreateSyslinuxFile(): Writing to file /usr/lib/mindi/syslinux-H.cfg. initrd filesystem created. ......1440+0 records in 1440+0 records out 1474560 bytes (1.5 MB) copied, 0.004778 seconds, 309 MB/s mke2fs 1.40.3 (05-Dec-2007) cp: writing `vmlinuz': No space left on device Failed to copy /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-6-amd64 to ramdisk Warning - failed to create 1.44MB boot/root floppies Warning - failed to create 1.72MB boot image. Please reduce your kernel's size if you want to make a 1.72MB floppy disk. Making 2880KB boot disk.....................Call GetFilesystemToUse() with parameter /boot/vmlinuz-2 .6.18-6-amd64 to get filesystem to use for initrd. GetFilesystemToUse(): called with parameter: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-6-amd64. GetFilesystemToUse(): gzip magic found at lvOffset 38888. GetFilesystemToUse(): Filesytem to use for initrd is initramfs. Creating initramfs initrd filesystem. UseCpio (): Creating a gzip'ed cpio (AKA initramfs) initrd image... 6742 blocks done. CreateSyslinuxFile(): Writing to file /usr/lib/mindi/isolinux.cfg. CreateSyslinuxFile(): Writing to file /usr/lib/mindi/isolinux-H.cfg. CreateSyslinuxFile(): Writing to file /usr/lib/mindi/syslinux.cfg. CreateSyslinuxFile(): Writing to file /usr/lib/mindi/syslinux-H.cfg. initrd filesystem created. ......mkfs.vfat 2.11 (12 Mar 2005) ... 2880 KB boot disks were created OK Done. In the directory '/root/images/mindi' you will find the images:- mindi-data-1.img mindi-data-2.img mindi-data-3.img mindi-data-4.img mindi-data-5.img mindi-data-6.img Would you like to create boot+data floppy disks now (y/n) ?n Shall I make a bootable CD image? (y/n) y NB: Mindi's bootable CD always uses isolinux. For a bootable CD w/LILO, please use Mondo. Finished. Boot and data disk images were created. La imagen generada del S.O se localiza en /root/images/mindi web:~# ls crea-users.sh images phpMailer_v2.1.0beta2.tar.gz phpmailer.resp web:~# cd images/ web:~/images# ls mindi web:~/images# ls -la total 8 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 18 May 5 18:13 . drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 May 5 18:13 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 5 18:15 mindi web:~/images# cd mindi/ web:~/images/mindi# ls 1.tar.gz 4.tar.gz all.tar.gz mindi-data-2.img mindi-data-5.img 2.tar.gz 5.tar.gz initrd.img mindi-data-3.img mindi-data-6.img 3.tar.gz 6.tar.gz mindi-data-1.img mindi-data-4.img mindi.iso web:~/images/mindi# web:~/images/mindi# ls -la total 50764 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 5 18:15 . drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 18 May 5 18:13 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1321400 May 5 18:14 1.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1299180 May 5 18:14 2.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1266758 May 5 18:14 3.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1308783 May 5 18:14 4.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1327859 May 5 18:14 5.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 888735 May 5 18:14 6.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7410471 May 5 18:14 all.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1338537 May 5 18:15 initrd.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1474560 May 5 18:14 mindi-data-1.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1474560 May 5 18:14 mindi-data-2.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1474560 May 5 18:14 mindi-data-3.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1474560 May 5 18:14 mindi-data-4.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1474560 May 5 18:14 mindi-data-5.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1474560 May 5 18:14 mindi-data-6.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26949632 May 5 18:15 mindi.iso web:~/images/mindi# Finalmente se necesita grabar la imagen ISO con el siguiente comando ( se asume que en nuestro servidor se tiene un CD/DVD-RW) cdrecord dev=0,0,0 speed=8 -v -eject mindi.iso |
